Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Mulawarman, Samarinda, Indonesia en-US Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan 2303-0267 The Role of Cathelicidin in Dermatology Skin https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/1883 <p>Acne, Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis and Rosacea are examples of chronic inflammatory skin conditions. One characteristic of many skin disorders is the dysregulation of innate immunity in the skin. Acne, Atopic Dermatitis, Psoriasis, and Rosacea all have problems with the expression, function, or processing of the key innate immune effector molecule in the skin, cathelicidin LL-37. Cathelicidin induction can be altered to treat Acne and Atopic Dermatitis, which lessens the efficiency of the antimicrobial barrier. However, cathelicidin is overexpressed in Psoriasis and Rosacea. The most recent research on cathelicidin LL-37’s involvement in the etiology of inflammatory skin disorders will be included in this review. Since cathelicidin LL-37 may one day be employed as a therapeutic target, many cutting-edge therapy methods for the disease will be discussed.</p> <p>Keywords: Antimicrobial Peptide, Cathelicidin, Dermatology Skin</p> Diana Kurnia Apriani Reiva Farah Dwiyana Anis Yohana Chaerunisaa Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 172 182 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.1883 Formulasi Sediaan Patch Bioselulosa Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera) untuk Pengobatan Luka Bakar https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2185 <p>The large number of problems and incidents of burn wounds has encouraged researchers to study pharmaceutical products for burn wounds, one of which is modified patch with biocellulose-based materials which have the ability to maintain a moist environment in the wound and absorb exudates during the inflammatory phase. To further increase the effectiveness of healing burns, biocellulose patches can also be fortified with natural ingredients, one of which is <em>Moringa oleifera</em> leaves. Moringa leaves contain saponin which is a compound that stimulates the formation of collagen, a structural protein that plays a role in the wound healing process and also has the ability to act as a cleanser so it is effective for healing open wounds. The aim of this research was to formulate a biocellulose patch fortified with Moringa leaf extract and test its burn wound healing activity. The patch is made from nata by fermenting coconut water using <em>Acetobacter xylinum</em>, then the patch is fortified with Moringa leaf extract in 3 concentrations (F1=3%, F2=6%, F3=9%). Evaluations carried out include organoleptic tests, pH, uniformity of size and thickness. The effectiveness test for healing burn wounds was carried out on experimental mice. All patch meet the physical evaluation test requirements. The patch in F3 had a burn wound healing percentage that was close to the positive control, namely 92.91% on the 8th day.</p> <p>Keywords: biocellulose, moringa, burns, patch</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Banyaknya masalah dan kejadian luka bakar memacu peneliti dalam mengkaji sediaan farmasi untuk luka bakar tersebut salah satunya modifikasi sediaan <em>patch</em> dengan bahan dasar bioselulosa yang memiliki kemampuan untuk mempertahankan lingkungan yang lembab pada luka dan menyerap eksudat selama fase inflamasi. Dalam upaya meningkatkan efektivitas penyembuhan luka bakar, <em>patch </em>bioselulosa juga dapat difortifikasi dengan bahan alam salah satunya yaitu daun kelor (<em>Moringa oleifera</em>). Daun kelor memiliki kandungan saponin yang merupakan salah satu senyawa yang memacu pembentukan kolagen, yaitu protein struktur yang berperan dalam proses penyembuhan luka sekaligus mempunyai kemampuan sebagai pembersih sehingga efektif untuk penyembuhan luka terbuka. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memformulasikan sediaan <em>patch</em> bioselulosa yang difortifikasi ekstrak daun kelor dan menguji aktivitas penyembuhan luka bakarnya. Sediaan <em>patch</em> dibuat dari nata dengan cara fermentasi air kelapa menggunakan bakteri <em>Acetobacter xylinum</em> kemudian <em>patch</em> difortifikasi ekstrak daun kelor dalam 3 konsentrasi (F1=3%, F2=6%, dan F3=9%). Evaluasi yang dilakukan diantaranya uji organoleptis, pH, keseragaman ukuran dan ketebalan. Uji efektivitas penyembuhan luka bakar dilakukan terhadap tikus percobaan. Semua sediaan <em>patch</em> memenuhi syarat uji evaluasi fisik. Sediaan pada F3 memiliki persentase penyembuhan luka bakar yang mendekati kontrol positif yaitu sebesar 92,91% pada hari ke-8.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: bioselulosa, kelor, luka bakar, <em>patch</em></p> Susanti Susanti Nitya Nurul Fadilah Ai Selvia Nurani Ira Siti Karimah Nita Wulandari Rendi Saepul Dani Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 1 9 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2185 Analisis Biaya dengan Efektifitas dan Rasionalitas Pengobatan Serangan Asma di Rumah Sakit X Gresik https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2179 <p>Asthma is a major global problem. The annual economic burden of asthma is very large. These cost increases are caused by poor asthma management and management and an imbalance between the large number of health workers. This study aims to analyze the cost and effectiveness of treating asthma attacks at X Hospital Gresik by involving 23 respondents. This research is a non-experimental study which is retrospective in nature. As research material is medical record data of patients with asthma at the Petrokimia Hospital, during the 2020-2022 period. The location of the research was Pertokimia Hospital. The independent variable in this study is the therapy used. The dependent variable in this study is the total cost of treatment for treatment outcomes (hospitalization and improvement in asthma symptoms). Data collection was carried out through observation of patient medical records. Data analysis with Shapiro Wilk. The results of the difference test showed that there was no significant difference between classroom costs and total costs (P=0.513) and there was no significant difference between severity costs and total costs (P=0.275) in asthma patients. The number of cases of irrationality of treatment in all subjects (100%) with a total of 178 cases. There is no significant difference between real costs and INA-CBGs rates, total costs based on room class and severity level.</p> <p>Keywords: Asthma, direct costs, length of treatment, rationality</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Asma merupakan masalah besar global, Beban ekonomi penyakit asma pertahunya sangat besar. Pembengkakan biaya tersebut disebabkan oleh penanganan dan pengendalian asma yang buruk dan tidak seimbang antara tenaga kesehatan yang cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya dan efektivitas pengobatan serangan asma di Rumah Sakit X Gresik dengan melibatkan 23 responden. Penelitian ini termasuk dalam penelitian non eksperimental yang bersifat retrospektif. Sebagai bahan penelitian adalah data rekam medik pasien dengan penyakit asma di Rumah Sakit Petrokimia, selama periode 2020-2022. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan di Rumah Sakit Pertokimia. Variabel bebas dalam penelitian ini adalah terapi yang digunakan. Variabel tergantung dalam penelitian ini yaitu total biaya penggobatan <em>outcome </em>pengobatan (rawat inap dan perbaikan gejala asma). pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melalui pengamatan terhadap rekam medis pasien. Analisa data dengan Shapiro Wilk<em>.</em> Hasil uji beda menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara biaya ruang kelas dengan biaya total (P=0,513) dan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara biaya keparahan dengan biaya total (P=0,275) pada pasien asma. Jumlah kasus ketidakrasionalitas pengbatan pada semua subjek (100%) dengan total kasus 178. Tidak ada perbedaan signifikan antara biaya riil dengan tarif INA-CBGs, total biaya berdasarkan kelas kamar dan tingkat keparahan.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Asma, biaya langsung, lama perawatan, rasionalitas</p> Amelia Lorensia Marthy Meliana Jalmav Sugeng Haryoko Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 10 23 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2179 Determination of Catechin Content in Green and Black Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) by UV-Vis Spectrophotometric Method https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2166 <p>Tea is one of the most commonly consumed beverages around the world. The chemical compounds contained in tea have a good effect on health because they contain polyphenolic compounds, catechins. This study examined the catechin compound content of black tea and green tea from Karanganyar (A) and Malang (B). This research aims to determine the differences in catechin levels in black and green tea types in Malang, East Java, and Karanganyar, Central Java plantations. The research method used was experimental. Identification of catechin content was done using UV-Vis Spectrophotometry method. Tea is extracted by brewing, 4 grams of green tea is brewed using distilled water for 6 minutes, while 5.6 grams of black tea is brewed using distilled water for 10 minutes with the comparison used is pure catechin solution. The results obtained for green tea Karanganyar (A) had a catechin content of 3.61±0.083%, green tea Malang (B) had a level of 2.97±0.037%, black tea Karanganyar (A) had a level of 3.14±0.065%, and black tea Malang (B) had a level of 1.60±0.009%. It is concluded that the catechin content of green tea is higher than black tea, and of the two samples, the high catechin content comes from Karanganyar (A).</p> <p>Keywords: catechins, green tea, black tea, malang, karanganyar</p> Umi Nafisah Aptika Oktaviana Trisna Dewi Anes Aisna Hana Lulu Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 24 30 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2166 Karakterisasi Nanoselulosa dari Tandan Kosong Aren (Arenga pinnata) sebagai Filler dalam Pembuatan Tisu https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2156 <p>The high demand for tissue made from wood as the main raw material has led to the shrinkage of Indonesian forests. Nanocellulose from empty palm bunches was prepared in this study by delignification, hydrolysis and ultrasonication in order to obtain the optimum ultrasonification time. Time variations were 15 min, 30 min and 45 min at 50°C. FTIR analysis showed wavelengths for ?-cellulose functional groups of empty palm bunches, namely O-H groups at 3042.43 cm<sup>-1</sup>, C-H at 2900.94 cm<sup>-1</sup> and C-O at 1049.28cm<sup>-1</sup>. FE-SEM analysis showed that nanocellulose with 45 min ultrasonification time has a particle size that meets the criteria of nanoparticles. The addition of nanocellulose in napkins increased the thickness and water absorption, with the addition of 6 g of nanocellulose giving the most significant results. With further research, the utilization of TKA in the tissue industry can help to reduce pressure on forests and provide a sustainable alternative for tissue production.</p> <p>Keywords: Nanocellulose, Aren Empty Bunch, Filler</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Tingginya permintaan tisu yang terbuat dari kayu sebagai bahan baku utamanya telah menyebabkan penyusutan hutan Indonesia. Nanoselulosa tandan kosong aren dibuat dalam penelitian ini melalui proses delignifikasi, hidrolisis dan ultrasonifiasi dengan tujuan untu mendapatkan waktu ultrasonifikasi yang optimum. Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi proses delignifikasi, hidrolisis asam serta ultrasonifikasi. Variasi waktu yang dilakukan 15 menit, 30 menit dan 45 menit pada suhu 50<sup>o</sup>C. Hasil analisis FTIR menunjukkan panjang gelombang untuk gugus fungsi ?-selulosa tandan kosong aren yaitu gugus O-H pada daerah 3042,43 cm<sup>-1</sup>, C-H pada 2900,94 cm<sup>-1</sup> dan C-O 1049,28cm<sup>-1 </sup>. Hasil analisis FE-SEM menunjukkan bahwa nanoselulosa dengan lama waktu ultrasonifikasi 45 menit memiliki ukuran partikel yang memenuhi kriteria nanopartikel. Penambahan nanoselulosa dalam tisu napkins meningkatkan ketebalan dan daya serap air, dengan penambahan 6 gr nanoselulosa memberikan hasil yang paling signifikan. Dengan penelitian lebih lanjut, pemanfaatan TKA dalam industri tisu dapat membantu mengurangi tekanan terhadap hutan dan menyediakan alternatif yang berkelanjutan untuk produksi tisu.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Nanoselulosa, Tandan Kosong Aren, <em>Filler</em></p> Widhi Mulya Nurdin Irmawati Irmawati La Ode Muhamad Alwan Haeruddin Haeruddin Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 31 37 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2156 Analisis Hidrokuinon dalam Krim Pemutih Wajah yang Beredar di Kota Bangkinang dengan Metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2130 <p>Hydroquinone is an ingredient or preparation to overcome skin hyperpigmentation on the outside of the body. Hydroquinone is prohibited from use in cosmetics that can cause oochronosis, which is skin spots like sand and bluish brown in color, people with oochronosis will feel itchy and burning on the skin. The study aims to determine the presence or absence of Hydroquinone in face whitening creams that do not have BPOM permits circulating in Bangkinang City. Hydroquinone examination was carried out by thin-a-layer chromatography (TLC) method using toluene mobile phase: glacial acetic acid (80:20). Whitening cream samples were taken from as many as five different brands, and different sellers. After testing the five samples, two were positive, marked with the Rf value of the sample equal to the Rf of the control and comparison.</p> <p>Keywords: Whitening Cream, Hydroquinone, KLT</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Hidrokuinon merupakan bahan atau sediaan untuk mengatasi hiperpigmentasi kulit di bagian luar tubuh. Hidrokuinon dilarang penggunaannya pada kosmetik karena menyebabkan okronosis, yaitu kulit berbintik seperti pasir dan berwarna coklat kebiruan, Pengidap okronosis akan merasa gatal dan rasa terbakar pada kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan ada atau tidaknya hidrokuinon pada krim pemutih wajah yang tidak memiliki izin Badan Penelitian Obat dan Makanan (BPOM) yang beredar di Kota Bangkinang. Pemeriksaan hidrokuinon dilakukan dengan metode Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) dengan menggunakan fase gerak toluen : asam asetat glasial (80:20). Sampel krim pemutih diambil sebanyak lima merek yang berbeda dari penjual yang berbeda, Setelah dilakukan pengujian diperoleh hasil dua sampel D dan E positif mengandung hidrokuinon yang ditandai dengan nilai Rf yang sama dengan Rf kontrol dan pembanding.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Krim Pemutih, Hidrokuinon, KL</p> Kony Putriani Lovera Anggraini Fitri Cindy Fricilia Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 38 43 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2130 Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Nanoemulsi Spray Gel Propolis sebagai Antijamur terhadap Candida albicans https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2121 <p>Aphthous stomatitis is inflammation of the oral mucosa, which can cause pain and discomfort. Thrush can be caused by Candida albicans. So, this research aims to make a nanoemulsion spray gel preparation that can treat the Candida albicans fungus. The method was to formulate propolis nanoemulsion and gel base with variations of Carbopol, followed by physical properties testing such as organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, spreadability and adhesivity, particle size, and index polydispersity. Furthermore, the antifungal activity of the preparation was tested against Candida albicans. The results showed that formulation 2 had better antifungal activity where the diameter of the inhibitory force was 22,33±0,58(p?0,05). This research concludes that formula 2 nanoemulsion spray gel preparations showed the optimum preparation based on physical properties evaluation and showed the diameter inhibitory of 22,33±0,58 mm.</p> <p>Keywords: nanoemulsion, spray, gel, propolis</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Sariawan atau <em>Stomatitis aphtosa</em> adalah inflamasi pada bagian mukosa mulut yang dapat menimbulkan rasa sakit dan tidak nyaman. Sariawan dapat disebabkan oleh <em>Candida albicans</em>. Sehingga tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini yaitu melakukan pembuatan sediaan nanoemulsi <em>spray gel </em>yang dapat mengatasi jamur <em>Candida albicans</em>. Metode yang digunakan yaitu dengan memformulasikan nanoemulsi propolis dan basis gel dengan variasi 3 variasi formula carbopol sebagai <em>gelling agent.</em> Selanjutnya dilakukan uji evaluasi fisik sediaan meliputi organoleptik, pH, daya sebar lekat, viskositas, ukuran partikel, dan indeks polidispersitas. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji aktivitas antijamur terhadap <em>Candida albicans</em>. Hasilnya didapatkan bahwa formula 2 merupakan formula paling optimum berdasarkan evaluasi fisik. Formula ini memiliki aktivitas antijamur dengan diameter daya hambat sebesar 22,33±0,58 <em>(p?0,05.</em> Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu formula 2 sediaan nanoemulsi <em>spray gel</em> merupakan formula paling optimum berdasarkan evaluasi fisik serta memiliki aktivitas terhadap jamur <em>Candida albicans </em>dengan zona hambat sebesar 22,33±0,58 mm.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: nanoemulsi, <em>spray</em>, gel<em>, </em>propolis</p> Baiq Aluh Nurfatimah Fatya Kamila Putri Adila Rizkika Early Windary Suhayatman Sucilawaty Ridwan Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 44 52 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2121 An in Vitro Approach: Antibacterial Activity of Sansevieria trifasciata Prain. Leaves with Chemometric Analysis https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2087 <p>Exploration the antibacterial activity of <em>S.trifasciata</em> Prain. is still limited, therefore this study aims to assess the antibacterial activity of extracts and ethyl acetate fractions of <em>Sansevieria trifasciata</em> Prain. The <em>S.trifasciata</em> leaves was macerated with ethanol 96%, then fractionated using the trituration method with ethyl acetate. The treatment group was divided into positive control group (PC) using ciprofloxacin, negative control (NC) using DMSO, extract, ethyl acetate fraction 5% (ET5%), 10% (ET10%), 20% (ET20%), 40% (ET40 %). Data were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and chemometrically with PCA. The inhibition zone for <em>S.aureus</em> bacteria in each sample is 26.69; 1.40; 23.32;2.82; 6.23; 11.11; 20.15 mm, respectively, <em>E.coli </em>is 26.65;0.63;22.65;3.61;7.11;11.44;21.15 mm respectively, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> is 27.40; 0.00; 23.23; 2.74;7.03;11.69;21.36 mm respectively. Percent inhibition of extract, ET5%, ET10%, ET20%, ET40% on <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria is 82.16; 5.31; 18.12; 36.39; 70.38% respectively, <em>E.coli</em> is 82.67; 11.13; 24.31; 40.56; 76.99% respectively, <em>P. aeruginosa</em> 84.85; 10.01; 25.65; 42.68; 77.98% respectively. Extract and ethyl acetate fraction have significant potential as antibacterial (p&lt;0.05). The results of PCA chemometric analysis showed that the extract and ET40% had similar inhibition zone area to the positive control ciprofloxacin. The extract and the ethyl acetate fraction 40% are promising for development as antibacterials.</p> <p>Keywords: <em>Sansevieria trifasciata</em> Prain., chemometric, bacterial</p> Henny Kasmawati Nurramadhani A. Sida Arfan Arfan Wa Ode Dian Indrayanti Arman Rusman Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 53 61 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2087 Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanoemulsi Kombinasi Minyak Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) dan Minyak Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2082 <p>Lemongrass oil (<em>Cymbopogon citratus </em>(DC.) Stapf) and basil oil (<em>Ocimum basilicum </em>L.) are secondary metabolites that can be utilized as antibacterials. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion preparation formulations of a combination of lemongrass oil and basil oil against <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria and determine the effective concentration of the mixture of the two. Both oils used were verified including GC-MS analysis, specific gravity, refractive index, solubility in alcohol and acid number. The nanoemulsion preparation formulation contained 4% (<sup>v</sup>/<sub>v</sub>) combination of lemongrass oil and basil oil, each fraction consisting of F1 (1:3), F2 (2:2) and F3 (3:1). The resulting preparation was tested for physical properties including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, particle size, pH, irritation test, hedonic test and antibacterial activity test using the pitting diffusion method. The results of GC-MS analysis, lemongrass oil has the main compound components, namely <em>E-citral</em> (38.49%) and <em>Z-citral </em>(25.26%) while basil oil has the main compounds, namely <em>Methyl chavicol </em>(58.14%) and <em>linalool</em> (31.72%). Evaluation of the physical properties of lemongrass oil and basil oil roll-on deodorant preparations met the parameters in accordance with the standard. From the results of the antibacterial activity test for <em>S. aureus,</em> F1 had an inhibition zone of 11.44 ± 2.51 mm, F2 18.89 ± 1.05 mm both included in the strong category and F3 23.78 ± 1.72 mm included in the very strong category. The positive control had a zone of inhibition of 10.56 ± 0.53 mm and the negative control had a zone of inhibition of 0 mm. In conclusion, F3 formulation of roll on deodorant preparation with a combination of lemongrass oil and basil oil (3:1) at 4% has effective antibacterial activity against <em>S. aureus</em> bacteria.</p> <p>Keywords: Lemongrass oil and basil oil, nanoemulsion preparation, <em>S. aureus</em></p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Minyak sereh (<em>Cymbopogon citratus </em>(DC.) Stapf) dan minyak kemangi (<em>Ocimum basilicum </em>L.) adalah minyak esensial yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri formulasi sediaan nanoemulsi kombinasi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi terhadap bakteri <em>S. aureus </em>dan mengetahui konsentrasi yang efektif dari campuran keduanya. Kedua minyak yang digunakan diverivikasi meliputi analisis GC-MS, bobot jenis, indeks bias, kelarutan dalam alkohol serta bilangan asam. Formulasi sediaan nanoemulsi mengandung 4% (<sup>v</sup>/<sub>v</sub>) kombinasi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi yang masing-masing fraksinya terdiri dari F1 (1:3), F2 (2:2) dan F3 (3:1). Sediaan yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisik antara lain organoleptik, homogenitas, pH dan aktivitas antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil analisis GC-MS, minyak sereh memiliki komponen senyawa utama yaitu E-sitral (38,49%) dan Z-sitral (26,25%) sedangkan minyak kemangi senyawa utamanya yaitu <em>Methyl chavicol </em>(58,14%) dan <em>linalool</em> (31,72%). Evaluasi uji sifat fisik sediaan nanoemulsi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi memenuhi parameter yang sesuai dengan standar. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri <em>S. aureus </em>F1 memiliki zona hambat sebesar 11,44 ± 2,51 mm, F2 18,89 ± 1,05 mm keduanya termasuk kategori kuat dan F3 23,78 ± 1,72 mm termasuk kategori sangat kuat. Kontrol positif mempunyai zona hambat 10,56 ± 0,53 mm dan kontrol negatif memiliki zona hambat 0 mm. Kesimpulannya, formulasi F3 sediaan deodoran <em>roll on</em> kombinasi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi (3:1) sebanyak 4% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri <em>S. aureus </em>yang efektif.</p> <p><span style="font-size: 0.875rem;">Kata Kunci: Minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi, sediaan nanoemulsi, </span><em style="font-size: 0.875rem;">S. aureus</em></p> Nuradnin Hasan Sri Mulyaningsih Arif Budi Setianto Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 62 73 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2082 Formulasi Masker Gel Peel-Off Ekstrak Etanol Daun Petai Cina (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) De Wit.) sebagai Antijerawat terhadap Pertumbuhan Bakteri Propionibacterium acnes https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2075 <p><em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> is one of the gram-positive bacteria that can lead to the development of acne. One of the plants with the potential to be an anti-acne agent is the Petai Cina leaf (<em>Leucaena leucocephala </em>(Lam.) De Wit.). This study aims to formulate a peel-off gel mask preparation of the ethanol extract of Petai Cina leaf (<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> (Lam.) De Wit.) that meets the physical quality test requirements and to determine the antiacne activity of the formulation. The extraction method used was maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. From the obtained extract, peel-off gel mask preparations were made and tested for their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC): FI (2.5%), FII (5%), and FIII (10%), Medi-klin® (positive control), and gel base (negative control). The antibacterial activity was tested using the well diffusion method. The results of this study showed that the peel-off gel mask preparations FI (2.5%), FII (5%), FIII (10%), and the gel base (negative control) met the physical quality test requirements. The results of the anti-acne activity testing against the growth of <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> bacteria obtained concentrations of extract FI (2.5%) 18.53 mm, FII (5%) 18.85 mm, FIII (10%) 22.27 mm, Medi-klin® 26.43 mm, and the negative control of Petai Cina leaf 6 mm. This indicates that the ethanol extract of Petai Cinaleaf has inhibitory effects on the growth of Propionibacterium acnes bacteria as an anti-acne agent.</p> <p>Keywords: Chinese petai leaves (<em>Leucaena leucocephala</em> (Lam.) De Wit.), Peel-off gel mask, <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em>, Anti-acne</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p><em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> merupakan salah satu bakteri gram positif yang dapat mengakibatkan timbulnya jerawat. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antijerawat adalah daun petai cina (<em>Leucaena leucocephala </em>(Lam.) De Wit.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasi sediaan masker gel <em>peel-off</em> ekstrak etanol daun petai cina (<em>Leucaena leucocephala </em>(Lam.) De Wit.) yang memenuhi syarat uji mutu fisik dan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antijerawat formulasi sediaan masker gel <em>peel-off</em> ekstrak etanol daun petai cina (<em>Leucaena leucocephala </em>(Lam.) De Wit.). Metode ekstraksi digunakan yaitu metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Ekstrak yang diperoleh dibuat sediaan masker gel <em>peel-off</em> yang telah di uji konsentrasi hambat minimumnya (KHM) dengan konsentrasi ekstrak FI (2,5%), FII (5%) dan FIII (10%), Medi-klin<sup>®</sup> (kontrol positif) dan basis gel (kontrol negatif)<em>. </em>Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan metode sumuran. Hasil penelitian sediaan masker gel <em>peel-off</em> FI (2,5%), FII (5%), FIII (10%) dan basis gel (kontrol negatif) memenuhi syarat uji mutu fisik. Hasil pengujian aktivitas antijerawat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Propionibacterium acnes </em>diperoleh konsentrasi ekstrak FI (2,5%) 18,53 mm, FII (5%) 18,85 mm, FIII (10%) 22,27 mm, Medi-klin<sup>®</sup> 26,43 mm dan kontrol negatif daun petai cina 6 mm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun petai cina memiliki daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri <em>Propionibacterium acnes</em> sebagai antijerawat.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Daun petai cina (<em>Leucaena leucocephala </em>(Lam.) De Wit.), Masker gel <em>peel-off</em><em>, Propionibacterium acnes</em>, Antijerawat</p> Arfiani Arifin Natsir Djide Nurhidayah Nurhidayah Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 74 84 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2075 Inhibitor Enzim Papain-Like Protease (Plpro) SARS CoV-2 dan Mediator Inflamasi TNF-? dan IFN-? pada Bawang Putih (Allium Sativum L) https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2010 <p>COVID-19 is an infectious disease caused by the SARS CoV-2 virus. Garlic (Allium sativum L) contains compounds that are responsible for immunomodulatory effects and have antiviral activity. This study aims to find out more about the compounds contained in garlic that have the potential for COVID-19 treatment. The research method is in silico. Macromolecules targeting papain-like protease enzyme tethering with code 6B18 and TNF-? mediators with code 1TNF and IFN-? with code 4Z5R. The results of research on 34 compounds in garlic obtained compounds that can inhibit the enzyme PL<sub>pro</sub>, namely the hyperin compound at -8.7 kcal/mol, compounds that can inhibit TNF-? mediators, namely phytol compounds at -8.0 kcal/mol, and compounds that can inhibit INF-a mediators, namely ergosterol compounds at -8.2 kcal/mol.</p> <p>Keywords: COVID-19, PL<sub>pro</sub>, garlic, inflammation, TNF-a, IFN-a, in silico</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>COVID-19 adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS CoV-2. Bawang putih (<em>Allium sativum</em> L) mengandung senyawa yang bertanggung jawab atas efek imunomodulator dan memiliki aktivitas antivirus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut senyawa yang terkandung didalam bawang putih yang berpotensi sebagai pengobatan COVID-19. Metode penelitian secara <em>in silico</em><em>.</em> Makromolekul target penambatan enzim <em>papain</em><em>-</em><em>like protease</em> dengan kode 6B18, dan untuk mediator TNF-? dengan kode 1TNF dan IFN-? dengan kode 4Z5R. Hasil penelitian dari 34 senyawa pada bawang putih diperoleh senyawa yang dapat menghambat enzim PL<sub>pro</sub> yaitu senyawa <em>hyperin</em> sebesar -8.7 kcal/mol, senyawa yang dapat menghambat mediator TNF-? yaitu senyawa <em>phytol</em> sebesar -8.0 kcal/mol dan yang dapat menghambat mediator INF-a yaitu senyawa <em>ergosterol</em> sebesar -8.2 kcal/mol.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: COVID-19, PL<sub>pro</sub>, bawang putih, inflamasi, TNF-?, IFN-?, in silico</p> Pipit Romadhona La Ode Muhammad Anwar Salma Hilmy Rusydi Hashim Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 85 103 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2010 Hubungan Tingkat Pengetahuan dengan Sikap terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik Amoxicillin di Kampung X, Kabupaten Purwakarta https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/1992 <p>Antibiotics are drugs that are used to deal with bacterial infections or are bacteriostatic, which prevents the occurrence of bacteria. Amoxicillin is the most well-known antibiotic used by people without a doctor’s prescription. The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge and the attitude towards the use of antibiotics Amoxicillin. This research is a quantitative study with cross-sectional approach carried out on 58 respondents in Kampung X Purwakarta. Questionnaire that has been tested for validity and reliability, SPSS univariat and bivariat analysis chi-square test square. The result of this study is obtained a value (p = 0,000) which means there is a meaningful relationship between the level of knowledge and attitude towards the use of antibiotics Amoxicillin. Respondents whose level of knowledge is less good and have a less good attitude are at risk of using an antibiotic Amoxicillin that does not comply with the rules of use. A good level of knowledge can reduce the adverse impact on the use of antibiotic Amoxicillin that does not comply with the rules of use.</p> <p>Keywords: Education, Age, Pharmacy</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Antibiotik merupakan obat yang digunakan untuk mengatasi infeksi bakteri atau bersifat bakteriostatik yaitu menghambat terjadinya perkembangbiakan bakteri. Antibiotik Amoxicillin merupakan antibiotik yang paling banyak dikenal sekaligus dipergunakan oleh masyarakat tanpa resep dokter. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap terhadap penggunaan antibiotik Amoxicillin. Menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif yang dilakukan pada 58 responden di Kampung X Kabupaten Purwakarta. Menggunakan kuesioner yang telah diuji validitas dan reliabilitasnya, Diuji menggunakan SPSS analisis univariat dan bivariat serta uji chi-square kuadrat. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil dengan nilai (p = 0,000) yang artinya terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan dengan sikap terhadap penggunaan antibiotik Amoxicillin. Responden yang tingkat pengetahuannya kurang baik dan memiliki sikap yang kurang baik berisiko menggunakan antibiotik Amoxicillin yang tidak sesuai dengan aturan pakai. Tingkat pengetahuan yang baik dapat mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan antibiotik Amoxicillin yang tidak sesuai aturan pakai.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Pendidikan, Usia, Apotek</p> Herma Yulika Marselina Marselina Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 104 109 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.1992 Distribusi Kasus Celah Bibir dan Langit-Langit Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin dan Lokasi Celah di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur Tahun 2020-2022 https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/1777 <p>Cleft lip and cleft palate are the most common congenital malformations of the head and neck and may be associated with other congenital anomalies. The etiology of cleft lip and/or palate has been studied extensively that this anomaly is multifactorial. Risk factors for clefts include gender, genetic factors, and family history. The clinical presentation of cleft palate varies and can be classified as isolated cleft palate or cleft lip with or without a cleft palate. The disorder may involve the lips, hard palate and/or soft palate, either completely or incompletely, and unilaterally or bilaterally. The purpose of this study is to describe the distribution of cases of cleft lip and/or cleft palate based on gender and cleft location in East Kalimantan Province in 2020-2022. This type of research is a descriptive study with total sampling technique. Data were obtained from patient registration forms based on predetermined inclusion criteria. The results showed that of the 77 samples, cases of clefts were more common in males, namely 52 people (67.53%) and females, namely 25 people (32.47%). The most frequent cleft location on the left unilateral were 36 people (46.75%) compared to the right unilateral of 19 people (24.68%), or bilateral as many as 22 people (28.57%). Based on the results of this study, the distribution of cases of cleft lip and/or cleft palate mostly occurs in males, with the location of the cleft more common in the left unilateral.</p> <p>Keywords: Cleft Lip and Palate, Gender, Cleft Location</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Celah bibir serta langit-langit ialah malformasi kongenital kepala dan leher yang paling umum dan mungkin berhubungan dengan anomali kongenital lainnya. Etiologi celah bibir dan/atau langit-langit telah dipelajari secara ekstensif bahwa anomali ini bersifat multifaktorial. Faktor risiko terjadinya celah yaitu seperti, jenis kelamin, faktor genetik, dan riwayat keluarga. Presentasi klinis celah mulut bervariasi dan dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai celah langit-langit terisolasi atau celah bibir dengan ataupun tanpa celah langit-langit. Kelainan tersebut dapat melibatkan bibir, langit-langit keras dan/atau langit-langit lunak, baik secara lengkap atau tidak lengkap, serta unilateral atau bilateral. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menggambarkan distribusi kasus celah bibir dan/atau celah langit-langit menurut jenis kelamin serta lokasi celah di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 2020-2022. Jenis penelitian ini ialah penelitian deskriptif dengan teknik<em> total sampling</em>. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa dari 77 sampel, kasus celah lebih kerap dialami laki-laki yakni 52 orang (67,53%) dan perempuan yakni 25 orang (32,47%). Lokasi celah paling sering terjadi pada unilateral kiri berjumlah 36 orang (46,75%) dibandingkan dengan unilateral kanan sebanyak 19 orang (24,68%), ataupun bilateral sebanyak 22 orang (28,57%). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, distribusi kasus celah bibir dan/atau celah langit-langit sebagian besar terjadi pada laki-laki, dengan lokasi celah lebih sering terjadi pada unilateral kiri.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Celah Bibir dan Langit-Langit, Jenis Kelamin, Lokasi Celah</p> Nida Midati Shadrina Syahril Samad Listiyawati Listiyawati Cristiani Nadya Pramasari Danial Danial Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 110 115 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.1777 Optimasi Sintesis Nanopartikel ZnO dengan Metode Hidrotermal https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/1529 <p>ZnO is an inorganic material that has many benefits, one of which is in the pharmaceutical field. So far, the synthesis of inorganic materials has been carried out using high temperatures. Research was carried out to synthesize ZnO using hydrothermal at 180°C for 24 hours then burned at temperatures of 300, 600, and 900°C for 6 hours. The compound resulting from synthesis at 180°C was obtained by the compound [Zn(urea)<sub>3</sub>](NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> which decomposed into ZnO nanoparticle compounds at 300°C to 900°C. ZnO synthesized at temperatures of 300, 600, and 900°C has a hexagonal structure, space group <em>P6<sub>3</sub>/m </em>with lattice parameters <em>a=b=</em> 3.25 <em>Å</em> and <em>c=</em> 5.21 <em>Å</em> and <em>? = ? =</em> 90° and <em>? =</em> 120°. The synthesized ZnO has a nanoparticle size in the range of 172-455 nm.</p> <p>Keywords: ZnO, hydrothermal, synthesis, nanoparticle, hexagonal structure</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>ZnO merupakan material anorganik yang memiliki banyak manfaat, salah satunya dalam bidang farmasi. Selama ini sintesis material anorganik dilakukan menggunakan suhu yang tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mensintesis material ZnO pada suhu rendah. Metode sintesis material ZnO dilakukan dengan menggunakan hidrotermal pada suhu 180°C selama 24 jam kemudian dibakar pada suhu 300, 600, dan 900°C selama 6 jam. Senyawa hasil sintesis pada 180°C diperoleh senyawa [Zn(urea)<sub>3</sub>](NO<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub> yang terurai menjadi senyawa nanopartikel ZnO pada 300°C hingga 900°C. ZnO hasil sintesis pada suhu 300, 600, dan 900°C memiliki struktur heksagonal, grup ruang <em>P6<sub>3</sub>/m </em>dengan parameter kisi <em>a=b=</em> 3,25 <em>Å</em> dan <em>c</em>= 5,21 <em>Å</em> serta memiliki sudut <em>? = ? =</em> 90° dan <em>? =</em> 120°. ZnO hasil sintesis memiliki ukuran nanopartikel dengan rentang 172-455 nm.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: ZnO, hidrotermal, sintesis, nanopartikel, struktur heksagonal</p> Rolan Rusli Ganjar Firmansyah Rosniar Rosniar Restu Harisma Damayanti Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 116 124 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.1529 Pengaruh Pengetahuan terhadap Perilaku Penggunaan Obat Antihipertensi di Kelurahan Sungai Miai Banjarmasin https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/1399 <p>A circulatory system problem that surpasses 120/80 mmHg is known as hypertension. To ensure patient health, it is crucial to understand how antihypertensive medications should be used and how to behave while taking them. In the Sungai Miai Village of Banjarmasin, this study attempts to ascertain the impact of knowledge on the behaviour of antihypertensive drugs. This study is a non-experimental cross-sectional descriptive analytic study. Accidental sampling was employed to get the data, utilizing instruments in the form of questionnaires, depending on inclusion and exclusion criteria. 48 respondents (48%), the majority of hypertensive patients with good knowledge, and 43 respondents, the majority of hypertensive patients with good behaviour, provided the results (43 percent). In Sungai Miai Village, Banjarmasin, information has an impact on how people take antihypertensive medications.</p> <p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Antihypertention, Knowledge, Behavior</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Hipertensi merupakan gangguan sistem peredaran darah di atas nilai normal yang melebihi 120/ 80 mmHg. Pengetahuan tentang pemakaian obat antihipertensi dan perilaku pemakaian obat antihipertensi ialah perihal yang penting untuk mencapai kesehatan penderita. Riset ini bertujuan buat mengetahui pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap perilaku obat antihipertensi di Kelurahan Sungai Miai Banjarmasin. Riset ini merupakan riset deskriptif analitik non-eksperimental, desain <em>cross sectional</em>. Pengambilan data yang digunakan merupakan <em>accidental sampling</em> berdasarkan kriteria inklusi serta eksklusi dengan instrumen berbentuk kuesioner. Hasil riset yang didapat kebanyakan penderita hipertensi dengan pengetahuan baik ialah sebanyak 48 responden (48%), serta kebanyakan penderita hipertensi dengan perilaku baik sebanyak 43 responden (43%). Terdapat pengaruh pengetahuan terhadap perilaku pemakaian obat antihipertensi di Kelurahan Sungai Miai Banjarmasin.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Antihipertensi, Pengetahuan, Perilaku</p> Nurul Mardiati Anis Hikmah Syabana Wahyudi Wahyudi Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 125 131 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.1399 Potensi Penghambatan Enzim Tirosinase dengan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kopasanda (Chromolaena Odorata L.) https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2120 <p>The need for skin care is increasing. One indicator of skin health is the brightness of skin color. Tyrosinase enzyme can darken skin color due to its activity against melanin biosynthesis. Skin color will also change when exposed to UV rays, even at a more severe level can cause cancer. The purpose of this study was to determine the tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity of ethanol extract of copasanda leaves of <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> L. <em>C.</em> <em>odorata</em> leaves are weeds from the Asteraceae family which contain several compounds such as tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids. In this study, the ethanol extract of <em>C.</em> <em>odorata</em> leaves was tested in inhibiting tyrosinase enzyme activity based on the percent inhibition. Determination of tyrosinase enzyme inhibitory activity using UV-Vis spectrometer at a wavelength of 495 nm, done by calculating the IC<sub>50</sub> value with kojic acid as a positive control. The results showed that the IC<sub>50</sub> value of the tyrosinase enzyme inhibition activity test, kojic acid as a positive control amounted to 27,472 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (very strong), the sample of ethanol extract of <em>C.</em> <em>odorata</em> leaves amounted to 81,546 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (very strong). The ethanol extract of <em>C.</em> <em>odorata</em> leaves has an inhibitory effect on tyrosinase enzyme which is used as a potential source material for natural antimelagenic compounds.</p> <p>Keywords: <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> L., tyrosinase enzyme, Weeds</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Kebutuhan akan perawatan kulit semakin meningkat. Salah satu indikator kesehatan kulit adalah kecerahan kulit warna kulit. Enzim tirosinase dapat menggelapkan warna kulit karena aktivitasnya melawan biosintesis melanin. Warna kulit juga akan berubah ketika terpapar sinar UV, bahkan pada tingkat yang lebih parah dapat menyebabkan kanker. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinase dari ekstrak etanol daun kopasanda <em>Chromolaena odorata</em> L. Daun <em>C. </em><em>odorata</em> merupakan tumbuhan gulma dari <em>family Asteraceae </em>yang mengandung beberapa senyawa seperti tannin, fenol, flavonoid, saponin, dan steroid. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan pengujian terhadap ekstrak etanol daun <em>C. odorata</em> dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim tirosinase berdasarkan persen penghambatannya. Penentuan aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinase menggunakan alat Spektrometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang 495 nm, dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai IC<sub>50</sub> dengan asam kojic sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai IC<sub>50</sub> dari uji aktivitas penghambatan enzim tirosinase, asam kojic sebagai kontrol positif sebesar 27,472 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (sangat kuat), sampel ekstrak etanol daun <em>C.odorata</em> sebesar <strong> </strong>81,546 mg L<sup>-1</sup> (sangat kuat). Ekstrak etanol daun <em>C. odorata</em> memiliki efek penghambatan terhadap enzim tirosinase yang digunakan sebagai bahan sumber potensial senyawa antimelagenik alami.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: <em>C</em><em>hromolaena odorata</em> L, enzim tirosinase, Gulma</p> Astuti Amin Besse Hardianti Subehan Lallo Wahyu Hendrari Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 132 141 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2120 Study of Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) of Ethanolic Extract Mango Peel (Mangifera indica L.) https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/1601 <p>Mango is one of the fruits rich in phenols and flavonoids, proven to have the ability to scavenge free radicals. The level of compounds in the sample can influence antioxidant capacity, including the total phenolic and flavonoid content. Peel of mango is a non-edible waste. This study aims to determine the total phenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity of mango peel variety arum Manis, extracted by percolation using 70% ethanol. The total phenolic content was measured using Folin-Ciocalteu method, and flavonoid content was measured using AlCl<sub>3</sub>. The absorbances were measured using UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The DPPH radical scavenging assay to assess antioxidant activity. The result reveals that the mango peel's ethanol extract had a total phenolic content of 19.31±0.41 mgGAE/g extract, a total flavonoid content of 22.06±1.74 mgQE/g extract, and an IC<sub>50</sub> value of 766.444 ppm. This research showed that mango peel's antioxidant activity is weak compared to standard vitamin C (6.414 ppm). This is possibly due to the low level of metabolite content, including complexities of the phenolic and flavonoid types in the extract.</p> Dyan Wigati Dwi Koko Pratoko Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 142 148 Sintesis, Molecular Docking dan Aktivitas Sitotoksik Senyawa Analog Kalkon Berbasis Alfa Tetralone terhadap Sel Kanker Payudara MCF-7 https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2092 <p>The chalcone compound is a precursor of flavonoid and pyrazoline compounds. Chalcone has two aromatic rings (A and B) and one ?,?-unsaturated carbon atom. Chalcone compounds can be synthesized via the Claisen Schmidt condensation reaction. Chalcone synthesis uses the basic ingredients of alpha tetralone and benzaldehyde analogues. In this research, chalcone synthesis took place for 48 hours at room temperature. Synthetic materials using ethanol solvent and sodium hydroxide catalyst, as well as basic ingredients alpha tetralone, 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde and 4-methoxybenzaldehyde. Characterization of synthesized compounds using spectroscopic methods, including <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and mass spectroscopy. Characterization results using spectroscopic methods showed that the two chalcone analogue compounds were successfully synthesized with yields above 70%. Both chalcone compounds showed low activity against MCF-7 cancer cells. Molecular docking simulations showed that both chalcone analogues produced energy levels and intramolecular interactions that were no better than 4-hydroxytamoxifen.</p> <p>Keywords: chalcone analogues, alpha tetralone, cytotoxic</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Senyawa kalkon merupakan salah satu prekursor dari senyawa flavonoid dan pirazolina. Kalkon mengandung dua cincin aromatis (A dan B) dan satu atom karbon ?,?-tak jenuh. Senyawa kalkon dapat disintesis melalui reaksi kondensasi <em>Claisen Schmidt</em>. Kalkon disintesis menggunakan bahan dasar alfa tetralone dan analog benzaldehida. Dalam penelitian ini senyawa kalkon disintesis selama 48 jam pada suhu ruang menggunakan pelarut etanol dan katalis natrium hidroksida serta bahan dasar alfa tetralone, 3,4-dimetoksibenzaldehida dan 4-metoksibenzaldehida. Senyawa hasil sintesis dikarakterisasi menggunakan metode spektroskopi meliputi <sup>1</sup>H-NMR, <sup>13</sup>C-NMR, <em>Fourier Transform Infrared </em>(FTIR) dan spektroskopi massa. Karakterisasi menggunakan metode spektroskopi menunjukkan kedua senyawa analog kalkon berhasil disintesis dengan rendemen diatas 70%. Hasil pengujian sitotoksik menunjukkan bahwa kedua senyawa analog kalkon tidak aktif terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Simulasi penambatan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa kedua analog kalkon menghasilkan tingkat energi dan interaksi intramolekuler yang tidak lebih baik dibandingkan dengan 4-hidroksitamoksifen.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: analog kalkon, alfa tetralone, sitotoksik</p> Agung Rahmadani Indriana Tasya Wahyu Yunita Lestari Nurdianah Abdul Kadir Mitha Saputri Farah Erika Usman Usman Sukemi Sukemi Hanggara Arifian Supriatno Salam Herman Herman Laode Rijai Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 149 157 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2092 Desain Primer Gen dapD dari Bakteri Escherichia coli untuk Seleksi Bebas Antibiotik https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2164 <p>The <em>dapD</em> gene codes for the DapD enzyme, which plays a role in the lysine biosynthesis pathway, where deletion and mutation of this gene is lethal for bacteria, so it can be used for an antibiotic-free selection system. This research aims to design primers for the <em>dapD</em> gene that can amplify this gene in <em>Escherichia coli</em> for detection and confirmation in developing an antibiotic-free transformant selection system. Primer design was carried out <em>in silico</em> using the NCBI Primer Blast program. The <em>dapD</em> gene sequence was obtained from NCBI GenBank (NC_002695.2). This research has succeeded in obtaining the sequence of a pair of primers (forward and reverse) with a length of 20 oligonucleotides each; Tm of forward primer 59.97°C and reverse primer 59.83°C; %GC 50; dimer at the 3' end of forward primer 0 and reverse primer 2; and self-complementary 4. The <em>dapD</em> gene with a size of ± 800 bp was successfully amplified using the PCR technique and confirmed using 1% agarose electrophoresis.</p> <p>Keywords: primer, PCR, <em>dapD, Escherichia coli, </em>antibiotic-free selection system</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p>Gen <em>dapD </em>mengkode enzim DapD yang berperan pada jalur biosintesis lisin, dimana delesi dan mutasi dari gen ini bersifat letal bagi bakteri sehingga dapat digunakan untuk sistem seleksi bebas antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendesain primer gen <em>dapD</em> yang dapat digunakan untuk mengamplifikasi gen tersebut pada <em>Escherichia coli </em>sehingga dapat digunakan untuk deteksi dan konfirmasi pada pengembangan sistem seleksi transforman bebas antibiotik. Desain primer dilakukan secara <em>in silico</em> menggunakan program NCBI Primer Blast. Sekuens gen <em>dapD</em> diperoleh dari GenBank NCBI (NC_002695.2). Penelitian ini telah berhasil memperoleh sekuen sepasang primer (<em>forward dan reverse</em>) dengan panjang masing-masing adalah 20 oligonukleotida; Tm primer <em>forward</em> 59,97°C dan primer <em>reverse </em>59,83°C; %GC 50; dimer pada ujung 3’ primer <em>forward </em>0 dan primer <em>reverse </em>2; dan <em>self-complementary </em>4. Gen dapD dengan ukuran ± 800 pb berhasil diamplifikasi pada teknik PCR dan dikonfirmasi menggunakan elektroforesis agarosa 1%.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: primer, PCR, <em>dapD, Escherichia coli, </em>sistem seleksi bebas antibiotik</p> Zulhaerana Bahar Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 158 163 Efek Penambahan Kolesterol dan Tween 80 terhadap Karakteristik dan Stabilitas Fisik Liposom Hydrolyzed Collagen https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2291 <p>Hydrolyzed collagen (HC) exhibits excellent anti-aging activity, but when applied topically, it faces limitations related to its physicochemical properties and low permeability to penetrate the skin. A system like liposomes is required. With the addition of cholesterol and Tween 80 surfactant to the liposome formulation, it is anticipated to enhance the characteristics and stability of the system in various combination ratios of Soy phosphatidylcholine: cholesterol: Tween 80, namely (F1= 4: 2: 1), (F2= 4: 1: 1), and (F3= 4: 1: 2). Characterization test results indicate that formula F3 exhibits the best characteristics, with respective values for particle size, PDI, zeta potential, and %EE being 63.26nm ± 0.73; 0.182 ± 0.011; 2.5mV ± 0.1; and 85.54% ± 0.20. Real-time stability test results, analyzed statistically using a Paired T-test, yield p-values for all three formulas (Sig 2-tailed) &lt; 0.05, signifying a significant difference. Formula F2 demonstrates the smallest differences in particle size reduction and %EE. Hence, it can be observed that F2 stands out as the formula with the best characteristics and stability compared to F1 and F3.</p> <p>Keywords: Characteristics; hydrolyzed collagen; liposomes; cholesterol; Tween 80</p> <p> </p> <p><strong>Abstrak</strong></p> <p><em>Hydrolized Collagen</em> (HC) memiliki aktivitas anti-aging yang sangat baik, namum secara topikal memiliki keterbatasan terkait sifat fisika kimia dan permeabilitasnya yang rendah untuk menembus kulit. Dibutuhkan suatu sistem seperti liposom. Dengan penambahan kolesterol dan surfaktan Tween 80 ke dalam formulasi liposom diharapkan akan meningkatkan karakteristik dan stabilitas sistem dalam beberapa perbandingan kombinasi formula <em>Soy phospatidylcholine</em>: kolesterol: Tween 80 yaitu (F1= 4: 2: 1), (F2= 4: 1: 1), dan (F3= 4: 1: 2). Hasil uji karakteristik menunjukkan formula F3 memiliki karakteristik terbaik dengan nilai ukuran partikel, PDI, zeta potensial, dan %EE secara berturut-turut 63,26nm ± 0,73; 0,182 ± 0,011; 2,5mV ± 0,1; dan 85,54% ± 0,20. Hasil uji stabilitas real-time menunjukkan hasil analisis statistik menggunakan <em>Paired T-test</em> diperoleh <em>p-value</em> ketiga formula yaitu <em>Sig (2- tailed)</em> &lt; 0,05, yang berarti terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dan formula F2 yang memiliki selisih penurunan ukuran partikel dan %EE terkecil. Sehingga, dapat dilihat bahwa F2 merupakan formula yang memiliki karakteristik dan stabilitas paling baik dibandingkan dengan F1 dan F3.</p> <p>Kata Kunci: Karakteristik; hydrolized collagen; liposom; kolesterol; tween 80</p> Alya Nur Amilia Noorma Rosita Helmy Yusuf Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 164 171 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2291 Front Cover, Editorial Information, Table of Content, Author Guideline, Back Cover https://jsk.farmasi.unmul.ac.id/index.php/jsk/article/view/2344 Journal Editor Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0 2024-02-29 2024-02-29 6 1 i vi 10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2344