Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak dan Fraksi Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)
Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Activity of Water Hyacinth Extract and Fraction (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v5i2.1728Keywords:
antioksidan, eceng gondok, fenolik, flavonoidAbstract
Water hyacinth is a very fast growing aquatic weed. It contains active compounds including flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids, anthocyanins, tannins, phenolics, anthraquinones and quinones. These compounds can be used as antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, antitumor, anticancer, anticoronary and antiinflammatory agents. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of phenolic and flavonoid in water hyacinth plant extracts and fractions and the IC50 value which describes the level of antioxidant effectiveness. The extract was obtained by maceration using ethanol as a solvent. Fractionation of water hyacinth ethanol extract using n-hexane, ethyl acetate and water as solvents. Antioxidant test used DPPH method. Total flavonoid on the ethanol extract were 0.023±0.0015gEQ/g, the ethyl acetate fraction 0.028±0.0015gEQ/g, the n-hexane fraction 0.008±0.0005gEQ/g, and the water fraction 0.002±0.0005gEQ/g. Total phenolic of water hyacinth herb in ethanol extract were 5.403±0.910mgGAE/g, ethyl acetate fraction was 1.810±0.225mgGAE/g, n-hexane fraction was 0.457±0.290mgGAE/g and water fraction was 0.147±0.151mgGAE/g. The IC50 value for the ethanol extract was 48.64mg/L, the ethyl acetate fraction was 223.27mg/L, the water fraction was 451.86mg/L, and the n-hexane fraction was 845.00mg/L.
References
P. Jayanthi, P. Lalitha, R. Sujitha, and A. Thamaraiselvi, “Anti-inflammatory activity of the various solvent extracts of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) solms,” Int. J. PharmTech Res., vol. 5, no. 2, pp. 641–645, 2013.
T. Tulika and A. Mala, “Pharmaceutical Potential of Aquatic Plant Pistia stratiotes (L.) and Eichhornia crassipes,” J. Plant Sci., vol. 3, no. 1, p. 10, 2014, doi: 10.11648/j.jps.s.2015030101.12.
T. Tyagi and M. Agarwal, “Phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of ethanol ACN extract,” J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem., vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 195–206, 2017.
T. Tulika, P. Puneet, and A. Mala, “Qualitative Phytochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Methonolic Extract of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms and Pistia,” Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 5–10, 2017, doi: 10.25258/phyto.v9i5.8139.
D. Wijaya, P. P. Yanti, R. S. A, M. Rizal, and R. S. A, “Screening Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Eceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes),” J. Kim. Val., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 65–69, 2015, doi: 10.15408/jkv.v0i0.4965.
J. A. Rorong, S. Sudiarso, B. Prasetya, J. Polii-Mandang, and E. Suryanto, “PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ECENG GONDOK (Eichhornia crassipessolms) OF AGRICULTURAL WASTE AS BIOSENSITIZER FOR FERRI PHOTOREDUCTION,” AGRIVITA J. Agric. Sci., vol. 34, no. 2, 2012, doi: 10.17503/agrivita-2012-34-2-p152-160.
Z. J. Taqi, A. Hamad Mohammed, and M. S. Jabir, “Biomedical applications of eichhornia crassipes,” Res. J. Biotechnol., vol. 14, no. Special Issue I, pp. 156–159, 2019.
W. M. Haggag, S. M. Abou El Ella, and H. F. Abouziena, “Análise fitoquímica, atividades antifúngica e antimicrobiana e aplicação de Eichhornia crassipes contra alguns patógenos de plantas,” Planta Daninha, vol. 35, pp. 1–11, 2017, doi: 10.1590/S0100-83582017350100026.
W. Heri, J. Siti, K. A. Achmad, N. Henny, and P. Sandeep, “Determination of phenolic and flavonoid levels and antioxidant activity test from ethanol extract of biak-leaves (Mitragyna speciosa) with ABTS method [2,2-azinobis- (3-ethylbenzotiazolin) -6-sulfonic acid],” Res. J. Chem. Environ., vol. 24, no. 5, pp. 31–35, 2020.
H. Zakaryan, E. Arabyan, A. Oo, and K. Zandi, “Flavonoids: promising natural compounds against viral infections,” Arch. Virol., vol. 162, no. 9, pp. 2539–2551, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s00705-017-3417-y.
Thayil, M. Seema, and S. P. Thyagarajan, “Pa-9: A flavonoid extracted from plectranthus amboinicus inhibits HIV-1 protease,” Int. J. Pharmacogn. Phytochem. Res., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 1020–1024, 2016.
S. Jo, S. Kim, D. H. Shin, and M. S. Kim, “Inhibition of SARS-CoV 3CL protease by flavonoids,” J. Enzyme Inhib. Med. Chem., vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 145–151, 2020, doi: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1690480.
P. Jayanthi, P. Lalitha, and S. K. Sripathi, “Phytochemical investigation of the extracts of Eichhornia crassipes and its solvent fractionates,” J. Pharm. Res., vol. 4, no. 5, pp. 1405–1406, 2011.
R. P. Silva, M. M. R. de Melo, A. J. D. Silvestre, and C. M. Silva, “Polar and lipophilic extracts characterization of roots, stalks, leaves and flowers of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes), and insights for its future valorization,” Ind. Crops Prod., vol. 76, pp. 1033–1038, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2015.07.055.
Kementerian Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia, “Rencana Induk Riset Nasional tahun 2017-2045,” vol. 2045, p. 96, 2017.
C. L. Suryani, S. Tamaroh, A. Ardiyan, and A. Setyowati, “Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) dan Fraksi-Fraksinya,” AGRITECH, vol. 37, no. 3, pp. 271–279, 2017.
J. B. Harborne, Metode Fitokimia, Penuntun Cara Modern Menganalisis Tumbuhan, 2nd ed. ITB Bandung, 2004.
A. Kusbandari and D. Y. Prasetyo, “Penetapan Kadar Fenolik Total dan Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Kopi Kawa,” pp. 72–80, 2018.
D. M. Sholihin, A. O. T. Dewi, and E. D. Antari, “penetapan kadar flavonoid pada pelepah pisang raja (Musa acuminata Colla. forma cerifera Back.) dengan variasi lama waktu ekstraksi,” Farm. Politek. Indonusa Surakarta, vol. 4, no. 2017, pp. 1–5, 2020.
A. D. Puspitasari and R. L. Wulandari, “Antioxidant activity, determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content of Muntingia calabura L. Extracts,” Pharmaciana, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 147, 2017, doi: 10.12928/pharmaciana.v7i2.7104.
M. Tahir, A. Muflihunna, and S. Syafrianti, “PENENTUAN KADAR FENOLIK TOTAL EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) DENGAN METODE SPEKTROFOTOMETRI UV-VIS,” J. Fitofarmaka Indones., vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 215–218, 2017, doi: 10.33096/jffi.v4i1.231.
T. O. A. Dewi, “Uji Antioksidan Sediaan Teh Campuran Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis), Daun Sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan Daun Pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius Roxb.) sebagai Perisa Alami Aptika,” vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 71–76, 2019.
R. I. Departemen Kesehatan, Parameter Standar Umum Ekstrak Tumbuhan Obat. Jakarta: Departemen Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2000.
E. Bacharudin, T. Wibowo, N. F. Fadhilah, D. H. Astuti, and M. Billah, “Pemanfaatan Eceng Gondok sebagai Adsorben dengan Perlakuan Awal untuk Menurunkan Kadar Logam Berat Cu,” vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 7–12, 2021.
N. Jadid, D. Hidayati, S. R. Hartanti, B. A. Arraniry, R. Y. Rachman, and W. Wikanta, “Antioxidant activities of different solvent extracts of Piper retrofractum Vahl. using DPPH assay,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1854, no. June 2017, 2017, doi: 10.1063/1.4985410.
A. T. . Haeria, Hermawati; Ugi, “Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid Total dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Daun Bidara ( Ziziphus spina-christi L .),” J. Pharm. Med. Sci., vol. 1(2), pp. 57–61, 2016.
D. Rusmana, R. Wahyudianingsih, M. Elisabeth, Balqis, Maesaroh, and W. Widowati, “Antioxidant activity of Phyllanthus niruri extract, rutin and quercetin,” Indones. Biomed. J., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 84–90, 2017, doi: 10.18585/inabj.v9i2.281.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
