Aktivitas Antibakteri Nanoemulsi Kombinasi Minyak Sereh (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) dan Minyak Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus
Antibacterial Activity of Nanoemulsion of Lemongrass Oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) and Basil Oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) Combination against Staphylococcus aureus
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.25026/jsk.v6i1.2082Abstract
Lemongrass oil (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) and basil oil (Ocimum basilicum L.) are secondary metabolites that can be utilized as antibacterials. This study aims to determine the antibacterial activity of nanoemulsion preparation formulations of a combination of lemongrass oil and basil oil against S. aureus bacteria and determine the effective concentration of the mixture of the two. Both oils used were verified including GC-MS analysis, specific gravity, refractive index, solubility in alcohol and acid number. The nanoemulsion preparation formulation contained 4% (v/v) combination of lemongrass oil and basil oil, each fraction consisting of F1 (1:3), F2 (2:2) and F3 (3:1). The resulting preparation was tested for physical properties including organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, particle size, pH, irritation test, hedonic test and antibacterial activity test using the pitting diffusion method. The results of GC-MS analysis, lemongrass oil has the main compound components, namely E-citral (38.49%) and Z-citral (25.26%) while basil oil has the main compounds, namely Methyl chavicol (58.14%) and linalool (31.72%). Evaluation of the physical properties of lemongrass oil and basil oil roll-on deodorant preparations met the parameters in accordance with the standard. From the results of the antibacterial activity test for S. aureus, F1 had an inhibition zone of 11.44 ± 2.51 mm, F2 18.89 ± 1.05 mm both included in the strong category and F3 23.78 ± 1.72 mm included in the very strong category. The positive control had a zone of inhibition of 10.56 ± 0.53 mm and the negative control had a zone of inhibition of 0 mm. In conclusion, F3 formulation of roll on deodorant preparation with a combination of lemongrass oil and basil oil (3:1) at 4% has effective antibacterial activity against S. aureus bacteria.
Keywords: Lemongrass oil and basil oil, nanoemulsion preparation, S. aureus
Abstrak
Minyak sereh (Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf) dan minyak kemangi (Ocimum basilicum L.) adalah minyak esensial yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri formulasi sediaan nanoemulsi kombinasi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan mengetahui konsentrasi yang efektif dari campuran keduanya. Kedua minyak yang digunakan diverivikasi meliputi analisis GC-MS, bobot jenis, indeks bias, kelarutan dalam alkohol serta bilangan asam. Formulasi sediaan nanoemulsi mengandung 4% (v/v) kombinasi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi yang masing-masing fraksinya terdiri dari F1 (1:3), F2 (2:2) dan F3 (3:1). Sediaan yang dihasilkan diuji sifat fisik antara lain organoleptik, homogenitas, pH dan aktivitas antibakteri dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Hasil analisis GC-MS, minyak sereh memiliki komponen senyawa utama yaitu E-sitral (38,49%) dan Z-sitral (26,25%) sedangkan minyak kemangi senyawa utamanya yaitu Methyl chavicol (58,14%) dan linalool (31,72%). Evaluasi uji sifat fisik sediaan nanoemulsi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi memenuhi parameter yang sesuai dengan standar. Dari hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri S. aureus F1 memiliki zona hambat sebesar 11,44 ± 2,51 mm, F2 18,89 ± 1,05 mm keduanya termasuk kategori kuat dan F3 23,78 ± 1,72 mm termasuk kategori sangat kuat. Kontrol positif mempunyai zona hambat 10,56 ± 0,53 mm dan kontrol negatif memiliki zona hambat 0 mm. Kesimpulannya, formulasi F3 sediaan deodoran roll on kombinasi minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi (3:1) sebanyak 4% memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus yang efektif.
Kata Kunci: Minyak sereh dan minyak kemangi, sediaan nanoemulsi, S. aureus
References
Sidek, N. A. M., Berg, B., Van Der K., Husain and Said, M. M. 2022. “Antimicrobial Potential of Ten Medicinal Plant Extracts Against Axillary Microbiota Causing Body Odor,” Pharmacophore, vol. 12, no. 6, pp. 1–5, 2022, doi: 10.51847/zp6vxap5vr.
Traupe, H., Folster, H., Max and Schulz, J. 2017. “Effective axillary malodour reduction by polyquaternium-16-containing deodorants,” Int. J. Cosmet. Sci., vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 141–148, 2017, doi: 10.1111/ics.12358.
Callewaert, P., Hutapea, T., Van, W., and Boon, N. 2014. “Deodorants and antiperspirants affect the axillary bacterial community,” Arch. Dermatol. Res., vol. 306, no. 8, pp. 701–710, 2014, doi: 10.1007/s00403-014-1487-1.
Callewaert, J., Lambert and Van, W., 2017. “Towards a bacterial treatment for armpit malodour,” Exp. Dermatol., vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 388–391, 2017, doi: 10.1111/exd.13259.
Hajrin, W. A. Subaidah, Y. Juliantoni, and D. G. Wirasisya, “Application of Simplex Lattice Design Method on The Optimisation of Deodorant Roll-on Formula of Ashitaba (Angelica keiskei),” J. Biol. Trop., vol. 21, no. 2, pp. 501–509, 2021, doi: 10.29303/jbt.v21i2.2717.
Shahtalebi, M., Ghanadian, A., Farzan, N., Shiri, D., Shokri and Fatemi, S. A. 2013. “Deodorant effects of a sage extract stick: Antibacterial activity and sensory evaluation of axillary deodorancy,” J. Res. Med. Sci., vol. 18, no. 10, pp. 833–839, 2013.
Dewi, E., Hakim, A. and Savalas. 2018. “Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Likopen Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus epidermidis,” J. Penelit. dan Kesehat., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 123–127, 2018.
Mosquera, T. 2016. “Biological activity of Cymbopogon citratus (DC) Stapf and its Potential Cosmetic Activities,” Int. J. Phytocosmetics Nat. Ingredients, vol. 3, no. 1, p. 7, 2016, doi: 10.15171/ijpni.2016.07.
Karkala., M. and Bhushan, S. 2022. “Review on Pharmacological Activity of Cymbopogon Citratus,” Int. J. Multidiscip. Res., vol. 4, no. 6, pp. 5–7, 2022, doi: 10.36948/ijfmr.2022.v04i06.1015.
Silva, B. C. J., Jung, S., Hossain, S. H. M. P. Wimalasena, H. N. K. S., Pathirana and Heo, G. J. 2017. “Antimicrobial property of lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) oil against pathogenic bacteria isolated from pet turtles,” Lab. Anim. Res., vol. 33, no. 2, pp. 84–91, 2017, doi: 10.5625/lar.2017.33.2.84.
Rehab, M. A. E.B. and Zeinab, S. H. 2016. “Eugenol and linalool: Comparison of their antibacterial and antifungal activities,” African J. Microbiol. Res., vol. 10, no. 44, pp. 1860–1872, 2016, doi: 10.5897/ajmr2016.8283.
Mehdizadeh, T., Hashemzadeh, M. S., Nazarizadeh, A. and Tat, M. 2016. “Chemical composition and antibacterial properties of Ocimum basilicum, Salvia officinalis and Trachyspermum ammi essential oils alone and in combination with nisin,” Res. J. Pharmacogn., vol. 3, no. July, pp. 51–58, 2016.
Sovljanski, O. and Savelji, A. 2022. “Biological Profiling of Essential Oils and Hydrolates of Ocimum basilicum var. Genovese and var. Minimum Originated from Serbia. Processes 2022, 10, 1893, https://www.mdpi.com/journal/processes.
Handayani, D. L., Yusriadi, Y. and Hardani, R. 2017. “Formulasi Mikroemulsi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Bayam Merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Sebagai Suplemen Antioksidan,” J. Farm. Galen. (Galenika J. Pharmacy), vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–9, 2017, doi: 10.22487/j24428744.2017.v3.i1.8133.
Ariviani, S., Raharjo, S., Anggrahini and Naruki, S. 2015. “Formulation and Stability of O/W Microemulsion by Spontaneous Emulsification Method Using VCO and Palm Oil as oil Phase: Effect of Surfactant Oil Ratio,” Agritech, vol. 35, no. 1, pp. 27–34, 2015.
Habibi, Y. 2020. “Diagram Kontrol Kadar Sitral dalam Minyak Sereh Dapur sebagai Jaminan Mutu Kestabilan Optimasi Alat GCMS,” IJCA (Indonesian J. Chem. Anal., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 83–87, 2020, doi: 10.20885/ijca.vol3.iss2.art6.
Khathir, R. and Agustina, R. 2016. “Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri Sereh Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Dengan Metode Penyulingan Air-Uap (The Destillation of Lemongrass Essential Oil by Using the Water-steam Method),” J. Ilm. Mhs. Pertan. Unsyiah, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1009–1016, 2016, [Online]. Available: www.jim.unsyiah.ac.id/JFP
Idris, A., Ramajura, M. and Said, I. 2014. “Quality analysis of patchouli oil (Pogostemon cablin Benth) production Buol district,” J. Akad. Kim., vol. 3, no. 2, pp. 79–85, 2014.
Rahman, A. L., Rudi, L., Arham, O. and Wati, M. E. 2019.“Analisis Kualitas Minyak Nilam Asal Kolaka Utara Sebagai Upaya Meningkatkan dan Mengembangkan Potensi Tanaman Nilam (Pogostemon sp.) di Sulawesi Tenggara,” Akta Kim. Indones., vol. 4, no. 2, p. 133, 2019, doi: 10.12962/j25493736.v4i2.5708.
Lestari, U., Farid, F. and Fudholi, A. 2019. “Formulation and Effectivity Test of Deodorant From Activated Charcoal of Palm Shell As Excessive Sweat Adsorbent on Body,” Asian J. Pharm. Clin. Res., vol. 12, no. 10, pp. 193–196, 2019, doi: 10.22159/ajpcr.2019.v12i10.33490.
Khaira, Z., Monica, E. and Yoedistira, C. D. 2022. “Formulasi Dan Uji Mutu Fisik Sediaan Serum Mikroemulsi Ekstrak Biji Melinjo Gnteum gnemon L,” Sainsbertek J. Ilm. Sains Teknol., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 299–309, 2022, doi: 10.33479/sb.v3i1.197.
Fardin and Citra, W. 2016. “Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Metanol Jamur Rayap (Termitomyces albuminosus (Berk.) Heim.) Terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Bacilllus subtilis,” J. Farm., vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 46–54, 2016.
Aryani, F., Noorcahyati and Arbainsyah. 2020. “Pengenalan atsiri (Melaleuca cajuputi),” Jur. Teknol. Pertan. Politek. Pertan. Negeri Samarinda, pp. 1–38, 2020.
Seko, M., Sabuna, A. C. and Ngginak, J. 2021. “Ajeran Leaves Ethanol Extract (Bidens pilosa L) As An Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus,” J. Biosains, vol. 7, no. 1, p. 1, 2021, doi: 10.24114/jbio.v7i1.22671.
Nur, S., Baitanu, J. A. and Gani, S. A. 2019. “Pengaruh Tempat Tumbuh dan Lama Penyulingan secara Hidrodestilasi terhadap Rendemen dan Profil Kandungan Kimia Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum canum Sims L.),” J. Fitofarmaka Indones., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 363–367, 2019, doi: 10.33096/jffi.v6i2.507.
Everton G. O., Santos Junior, P. S., Araujo, R. J. P., Ferreira, A. M., Gomes, P. R. B., Rosa, P. V. S., Pereira, A. P. M. and Filho, M. V. E. (2020). “Chemical profile and antimicrobial potential of essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (DC.) Stapf, Ocimum basilicum Linn and Aniba rosaeodora Ducke,” Sci. Plena, vol. 16, no. 6, pp. 1–13, 2020, doi: 10.14808/sci.plena.2020.061502.
Jorge, P., Fay, F., Perez, J. and Miguel, D. 2018. “Chemical composition and biological activities of essential oil from lemongrass (Cympopogon citratus [D.C.] Stapf.) leaves grown in Amazonian Ecuador,” Rev. CENIC Cienc. Quim., vol. 49, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2018.
Ibrahim, I., Evama, Y. and Sylvia, N. 2021. “Ekstrak Minyak Dari Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Dengan Menggunakan Metode Maserasi,” J. Teknol. Kim. Unimal, vol. 10, no. 2, p. 57, 2021, doi: 10.29103/jtku.v10i2.5479.
Febriani, R., Rohaeti, E. and Tri Wahyuni, W. 2021. “Aktivitas Antibakteri Dan Toksisitas Minyak Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus) Dengan Perlakuan Pemekatan Pada Suhu Berbeda,” Anal. Environ. Chem., vol. 6, no. 02, pp. 168–179, 2021, doi: 10.23960/aec.v6.i2.2021.p168-179.
Rita, W. S., Vinaprilliani, N. P. E. and Gunawan, I. W. G. 2018. “Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Padat Minyak Atsiri Serai Dapur (Cymbopogon citratus DC.) Sebagai Antibakteri Terhadap Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus,” Cakra Kim. (Indonesian E-Journal Appl. Chem., vol. 6, no. 2, pp. 152–160, 2018.
Chenni, M., Abed, D. E., Rakotomanomana, N., Fernandez, X. and Chemat, F. 2016. “Comparative study of essential oils extracted from egyptian basil leaves (ocimum basilicum L.) Using hydro-Distillation and solvent-Free microwave extraction,” Molecules, vol. 21, no. 1, 2016, doi: 10.3390/molecules21010113.
Aluko, A., Oloyede, B. T., and Afolayan, O. I. 2019. “Phytochemical and nutrient comositions of the leaves of Ocimum canum Sims,” African J. Biotechnol., vol. 11(63), no. 2, pp. 12697–12701, 2019.
Fachriyah, E., Wibawa, P. J. and Awaliyah, A. 2020. “Antibacterial activity of basil oil (Ocimum basilicum L) and basil oil nanoemulsion,” J. Phys. Conf. Ser., vol. 1524, no. 1, 2020, doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1524/1/012060.
Yanti, R., Nurdiawati, H., Cahyanto, M. N. and Pranoto, Y. 2020. “Identifikasi komponen dan Uji Potensi Anti Jamur Minyak Atsiri Serai Dapur (Cympobogon citratus) Terhadap Jamur Penghasil Aflatoksin,” AGRITEKNO J. Teknol. Pertan., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 72–80, 2020, doi: 10.30598/jagritekno.2020.9.2.72.
Tadtong, S. and Watthanachaiyingcharoen, R. 2014. “Komunikasi Produk Alami NPC Konstituen Antimikroba dan Efek Sinergisme Minyak Atsiri dari,” 2014.
Akmal, R., M. and Khairu, K. 2022. “Pelatihan Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri Berbahan Rempah Khas Nusantara,” J. Pengabdi. Masy. Univ. Mulawarman, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 12–16, 2022, [Online]. Available: http://dx.doi.org/10.32522/abdiku.v1i2
Ma’mun, A., Ruhnayat and Asman, A. 2008. “Syarat Mutu Beberapa Minyak Atsiri,” no. 3, pp. 1–11, 2008.
Fatimura and Fitriiyanti, R. 2021. “Variasi Laju Alir Kondensat Terhadap Rendemen Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi Menggunakan Metode Distilasi Steam,” CHEESA Chem. Eng. Res. Artic., vol. 4, no. 1, p. 65, 2021, doi: 10.25273/cheesa.v4i1.8274.65-74.
Fajarini, D. A. and Murrukmihadi, M. 2015. “Uji Aktivitas Repelan Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi (Ocimum basilicum (L.) F. citratum Back) terhadap nyamuk Aedes aegypti Dalam Sediaan Lotion Dan Uji Sifat Fisik Lotion,” Tradit. Med. J., vol. 20, no. 2, pp. 91–97, 2015.
Khasanah, L. U. 2015. “Pengaruh Perlakuan Pendahuluan terhadap Karakteristik Mutu Minyak Atsiri Daun Jeruk Purut (Citrus hystrix DC),” J. Apl. Teknol. Pangan, vol. 04, no. 02, pp. 48–55, 2015, doi: 10.17728/jatp.2015.10.
Forestryana, D. and Rahman, S. Y. 2020. “Formulasi dan Uji Stabilitas Serbuk Perasan Jeruk Nipis (Citrus aurantifolia (Cristm.) Swingle) dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Carbopol 940,” JPSCR J. Pharm. Sci. Clin. Res., vol. 5, no. 2, p. 165, 2020, doi: 10.20961/jpscr.v5i2.39821.
Shintia, S., Endah, S. R. N. and Nofriyaldi, A. 2021. “Pengaruh Variasi Konsentrasi Hpmc Dan Gliserin Terhadap Sifat Fisik Gel Hand Sanitizer Ekstrak Etanol Daun Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt.),” Pharmacoscript, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 58–69, 2021, doi: 10.36423/pharmacoscript.v4i1.603.
Handayani, D. L., Yusriadi, Y. and Hardani, R. 2017. Formulasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Terpurifikasi Daun Bayam Merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) Sebagai Suplemen Antioksidan. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy) (e-Journal), 3(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2017.v3.i1.8133.
Nurhaini, R., Arrosyid, M., and Putri, H. 2022. Formulasi dan Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Deodoran Krim dengan Variasi Minyak Atsiri Bunga Kenanga (Cananga odorata var. Macrophylla) sebagai Penghilang Bau Badan. Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi, 13(1), 20–30.
Purwaningsih, N. S., Utami, Meitania, S. and Apriandini, W. 2020. Uji Efektivitas Antibakteri Dari Ekstrak Daun Kipait (Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsl.) A. Gray) Terhadap Bakteri Propionibacterium Acnes. Edu Masda Journal, 4(1), 76–88.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
